After being called a pipe dream for decades, the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India pipeline came one step closer to reality on Sunday, with the groundbreaking ceremony at the Turkmen town of Mary attended by leaders of the TAPI countries. The pipeline, that is set to cross over 1,700 km, through Herat and Balochistan before reaching the Indian Punjab border, and will draw from the world’s second largest natural gas field of Galkynysh, comes full of promise. To begin with, it will reopen a historic route that reconnects South Asia to Central Asia, in the way it was before the British Empire sealed it off. It will also bring India and its neighbours much needed energy at competitive pricing, and could easily supply a quarter of Pakistan’s gas needs, about 15 per cent of India’s projected needs, as well as Afghanistan’s requirements, by the time it is completed in the 2020s. This is a growing need, and even if India is able to source energy from other countries like Iran and further afield, both the proximity and abundance of Turkmenistan’s reserves, that rank fourth in the world, will make it an attractive proposition. At a time when China has already secured nearly half of its energy requirements from the region, and is working on the $400 billion Russia-China gas pipeline, India has no time to lose in securing its interest in Central Asia. Finally, the TAPI pipeline gives this fractured region a reason to work on a project together as well, and it is hoped the shared stakes in TAPI’s success will ensure that India, Pakistan and Afghanistan find ways of cooperating on other issues as well.
However, the project faces the challenge of terrorism today. Unless the pipeline is secured from the Taliban that operates on both sides of the Durand Line, and from militant groups operating in Pakistan, it is hard to see how the TAPI dream can go beyond the groundbreaking ceremony. “By coming this far, we are overcoming a history of doubt and scepticism,” said Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani at the ceremony. Certainly, the fact that the TAPI, pushed by Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdimohamedov, was able to bring leaders of three countries with relations as complicated as India, Pakistan and Afghanistan share is itself remarkable. To envisage a $10 billion project that traverses all three countries with all the bad blood between Afghanistan and Pakistan, and Pakistan and India, is ambitious as well. If it can manage to loosen the tight bonds between terror groups and their sponsors in Pakistan, who ought to see where their own interests lie, it will achieve the impossible; something no amount of pressure, cajoling and threat from India, Afghanistan and other countries has been able to effect in Pakistan thus far. The only way the project will be actualised is if the leadership of all four member-countries don’t just dwell on the world that exists today, but the region as it can be: connected, cooperative, peaceful and prosperous.
Questions:
1. What all countries are there in Central Asia?
2. What could be possible areas of cooperation between India and Central Asian Countries?
3. What is the history of India-Central Asia relationship?
4. What are the reasons behind India pushing for TAPI pipeline?
5. What are the possible challenges before all the stakeholders in TAPI project?
6. Which energy source is planned to be shipped through the pipeline? What is its composition?
7. Does India have an existing network of gas pipelines? How is it better than other conventional shipping modes?
8. What is the energy requirement of India? How is it linked to the growth of economy?
9. What measures have other countries like China adopted for securing its energy needs?
10. What measures you would suggest for improving the energy security of our country?
1. Central Asia consists of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
ReplyDelete2. Much of India's political history was shaped by events in CAR. But in modern times India failed to acquire any depth or intensity in relations with CAR. But recent visit by the PM has urged for proactive relations and opened door for following areas of cooperation-
(i) Energy- CAR has 4% of natural gas and 2.7% of oil reserves. These resources, including the Caspian Sea region resources, are of high quality and largely untapped. In addition CAR is more stable than Middle East and Africa . Geographically also it is closer to India
(ii) Security interests- India's security is closely tied to the instability in region in between Pakistan and Afghanistan. There is a close knit between terrorist groups of CAR like Islamic movement of Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. Security co operation can help to crack down on these groups
(iii) Drug trafficking- Tajikistan is gateway for afghan drugs to Central Asia. This money is used for funding terror activities against India
(iv) Economic trade- The trade between Central Asia and India can be 10 times higher than as it is now. The major sectors which can be exploited are pharma, energy, education, defence,metals and minerals etc.
3. Not able to concise my answer. These links were referred by me-
idcr.cprindia.org/blog/india-central-asia-backgrounder
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asians_in_Ancient_Indian_literature